{"id":1013,"date":"2016-02-23T12:34:14","date_gmt":"2016-02-23T09:34:14","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2016-02-23T12:34:14","modified_gmt":"2016-02-23T09:34:14","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=1013","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

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 \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642  22 \/2 \/ 2016 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 :\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623.\u062f. \u0634\u0648\u0643\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f                             \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623.\u062f \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631                                \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623.\u0645.\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0646                          \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623.\u0645.\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f                           \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623.\u0645.\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642                 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623.\u0645.\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0648\u064a                        \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623.\u0645.\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646                       \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629:
\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 <\/span><\/strong>(II)<\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 <\/span><\/strong>(III)<\/span><\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 <\/span><\/strong>(AlCl4<\/sub>–<\/sup>, PbCl4<\/sub>= <\/sup>, PbCl3<\/sub>–<\/sup>)<\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a <\/span><\/strong>15C5<\/span><\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0643\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 <\/span><\/strong>(II)<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 <\/span><\/strong>HCl<\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f <\/span><\/strong>NaCl<\/span><\/strong> \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 <\/span><\/strong>(III)<\/span><\/strong> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 <\/span><\/strong>NaCl<\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0643\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 <\/span><\/strong>λmax<\/sub>=241nm<\/span><\/strong> \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648 <\/span><\/strong>λmax<\/sub>=240nm<\/span><\/strong>  \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a <\/span><\/strong>15C5<\/span><\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 <\/span><\/strong>(II)<\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 <\/span><\/strong>(III)<\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

     \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 <\/span><\/strong>HCl<\/span><\/strong> \u0643\u0627\u0646 <\/span><\/strong>(2M)<\/span><\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 <\/span><\/strong>PbCl3<\/sub>–<\/sup> or PbCl4<\/sub>=<\/sup><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/sup><\/strong>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 <\/span><\/strong>Cl–<\/sup><\/span><\/strong>.  \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 <\/span><\/strong>NaCl<\/span><\/strong> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 <\/span><\/strong>(0.4M)<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 <\/span><\/strong>(II)<\/span><\/strong> \u0648 <\/span><\/strong>(1.2M)<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 <\/span><\/strong>(III)<\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 <\/span><\/strong>AlCl4<\/sub>–<\/sup><\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 <\/span><\/strong>[Na15C5];Cl–<\/sup><\/span><\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 <\/span><\/strong>Cl–<\/sup><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/sup><\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 <\/span><\/strong>(II)<\/span><\/strong> \u0647\u0648 <\/span><\/strong>(50µg)<\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 <\/span><\/strong>(III)<\/span><\/strong> \u0647\u0648 <\/span><\/strong>.(100µg)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

     \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644 <\/span><\/strong>10min.<\/span><\/strong> \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>(D)<\/span><\/strong>. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 <\/span><\/strong>(II)<\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 <\/span><\/strong>(III)<\/span><\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644.\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 1:1:1 <\/span><\/strong>[metal:15C5]+<\/sup>; anion– <\/sup><\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/sup><\/strong> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 <\/span><\/strong>(II)<\/span><\/strong> \u0647\u064a <\/span><\/strong>[Na15C5]+<\/sup>; PbCl3<\/sub>– <\/sup>or [Na15C5]+<\/sup>; HPbCl4<\/sub>–<\/sup><\/span><\/strong> \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a <\/span><\/strong>[Na15C5]+<\/sup>; AlCl4<\/sub>–<\/sup><\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

     \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>(D)<\/span><\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>(D)<\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 <\/span><\/strong>Contact ion pair<\/span><\/strong> \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628 <\/span><\/strong>Solvent separated ion pair<\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

     \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 <\/span><\/strong>Endothermic<\/span><\/strong> \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 <\/span><\/strong>(II)<\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 <\/span><\/strong>(III)<\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 <\/span><\/strong>ΔSex<\/sub><\/span><\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a <\/span><\/strong>Entropic in region<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

     \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>(D)<\/span><\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>(D)<\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>(D)<\/span><\/strong> \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0624 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644  \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>(D)<\/span><\/strong>  \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f <\/span><\/strong>(0.4M)<\/span><\/strong> \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

     \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a <\/span><\/strong>C221, C222<\/span><\/strong> \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a <\/span><\/strong>15C5<\/span><\/strong> \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 <\/span><\/strong>(II)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong>λmax<\/sub>=277nm<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>C221<\/span><\/strong> \u0648 <\/span><\/strong>λmax<\/sub>=276nm<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>C222<\/span><\/strong> \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 <\/span><\/strong>(III)<\/span><\/strong> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631  <\/span><\/strong>λmax<\/sub>=281nm<\/span><\/strong>  \u0645\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>C221<\/span><\/strong> \u0648 <\/span><\/strong>λmax<\/sub>=275nm<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>C222<\/span><\/strong> \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 <\/span><\/strong>HCl<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong>(0.8M)<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>C221<\/span><\/strong> \u0648 <\/span><\/strong>(1.2M)<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>C222<\/span><\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 <\/span><\/strong>(II)<\/span><\/strong> \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0640 <\/span><\/strong>KCl<\/span><\/strong> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/strong>(0.4M)<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/strong>C221<\/span><\/strong> \u0648 <\/span><\/strong>C222<\/span><\/strong> \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 <\/span><\/strong>(II)<\/span><\/strong> \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 <\/span><\/strong>(III)<\/span><\/strong> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0640 <\/span><\/strong>KCl<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong> (0.8M)<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>C221<\/span><\/strong> \u0648 <\/span><\/strong>(0.5M)<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>C222<\/span><\/strong>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 <\/span><\/strong>(II)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong>(80µg)<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>C221<\/span><\/strong> \u0648 <\/span><\/strong>(70µg)<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>C222<\/span><\/strong> \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 <\/span><\/strong>(III)<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong>(50µg)<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639 <\/span><\/strong>C221<\/span><\/strong> \u0648 <\/span><\/strong>(40µg)<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639<\/span><\/strong>C222<\/span><\/strong>. \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 <\/span><\/strong>15 min<\/span><\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646<\/span><\/strong> C221<\/span><\/strong> \u0648 <\/span><\/strong>C222<\/span><\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 1:1:1 <\/span><\/strong>[metal:Cryp.]+<\/sup>; anion<\/span><\/strong> \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646<\/span><\/strong> C221<\/span><\/strong> \u0648 <\/span><\/strong>C222<\/span><\/strong>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a <\/span><\/strong>C221<\/span><\/strong> \u0648 <\/span><\/strong>C222<\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a <\/span><\/strong>15C5<\/span><\/strong> \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 22 \/2 \/….<\/i>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":16020,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7"],"modified_by":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1013","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1013"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1013\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16020"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1013"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1013"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1013"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}