{"id":1127,"date":"2016-04-14T02:30:29","date_gmt":"2016-04-13T11:30:29","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2016-04-14T02:30:29","modified_gmt":"2016-04-13T11:30:29","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=1127","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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  <\/p>\n

\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 <\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong>\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\/ \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f , \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 28 \/ 3 \/ 2016  \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645.\u062f. \u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648 \u0645.\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u064a  \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062a <\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 <\/span><\/strong> \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636  <\/span><\/strong>Ground Penetration Radar GPR<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

     \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0640 <\/span><\/strong>GPR<\/span><\/strong> \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0641\u0623\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

        Terahertz (THz) modern technique and its applications<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong>\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627 (<\/span><\/strong>Tera<\/span><\/strong>) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a ( 1012) \u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 (<\/span><\/strong>Hertz<\/span><\/strong>) \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648( 1012) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 . \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0641. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/span><\/strong> (IR) <\/span><\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong> (UV) <\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629  \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.3 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629,  \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

     \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 (<\/span><\/strong>Nonlinear optics<\/span><\/strong>).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a (<\/span><\/strong>Tomography Imaging <\/span><\/strong>) \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641, \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e, \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629, \u0648\u0643\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633, \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a <\/span><\/strong>THz<\/span><\/strong>, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623.\u0645.\u062f.\u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645<\/span><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong> \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:<\/span><\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(Total Station)<\/span><\/strong>  <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

     \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 (\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

•<\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

•<\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

•<\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/span><\/strong>Total station (TS)   <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

•<\/span><\/strong>\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

•<\/span><\/strong>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a <\/span><\/strong>(EDM) Measurement Electronic Distance<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

•\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0629).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/strong>– \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

.\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/strong>–<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u064b\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u064b\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

).<\/span><\/strong>Sokkia-\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627  (<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

.(Topcon) \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/span>–<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

).      <\/span><\/strong>Nikon)-\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

.(Leica ) \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/span>–<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a)<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u062f.\u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0649\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0641 \u0628\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/strong>  (Lidar) <\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 …\u0627\u0644\u062e. <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/strong>:
<\/span><\/strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d\u0629<\/span><\/strong> (Scanner)<\/span><\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/strong> (GPS)<\/span><\/strong>\u060c \u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/strong>.
<\/span><\/strong>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0621\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/strong>: 
<\/span><\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (\u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong>.
<\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/strong>:
1.    <\/span><\/strong>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639<\/span><\/strong> ASCII <\/span><\/strong>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/strong>(<\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/strong>
2.    <\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/strong>.
3.    <\/span><\/strong>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/strong>.
4.    <\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/strong>.
5.    <\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong>.
6.    <\/span><\/strong>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong>.
7.    <\/span><\/strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0629 (\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644) \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 (\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/strong>)<\/span><\/strong>.
<\/span><\/strong>\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/strong>:
1.    <\/span><\/strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/span><\/strong>.
2.    <\/span><\/strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/strong>.
3.    <\/span><\/strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/strong> (DTM) <\/span><\/strong>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627<\/span><\/strong>.
4.    <\/span><\/strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/strong>.
<\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/strong>:  
1.    <\/span><\/strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong> (DTMs).
2.    <\/span><\/strong>\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646<\/span><\/strong>.
3.    <\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/strong>.
4.    <\/span><\/strong>\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/span><\/strong>.
5.    <\/span><\/strong>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/strong>.
6.    <\/span><\/strong>\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong>.
<\/span><\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 ( \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 : <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1- <\/span><\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629, \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

‏2- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

3- \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

4- \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 \"\"<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\/ \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f , \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646:
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f….<\/i>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":16113,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7"],"modified_by":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1127"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1127\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16113"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}