{"id":1943,"date":"2017-12-20T11:28:03","date_gmt":"2017-12-20T08:28:03","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2017-12-20T11:28:03","modified_gmt":"2017-12-20T08:28:03","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=1943","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/strong><\/div>\n

<\/strong> <\/p>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/strong><\/div>\n


<\/strong> <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646 (\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a) .<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\" <\/div>\n


<\/strong> <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

       <\/span>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • 1-<\/span>\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  • 2-<\/span>\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0623\u0634\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0641\u064a <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/span>, \u064a\u062a\u0645<\/span> \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c <\/span>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 <\/span>\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631<\/span>. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644<\/span>\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/span>. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/span> <\/span>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644<\/span>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 <\/span>GIS<\/span> <\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629<\/span> (coordinate systems) <\/span>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/span> GIS .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a) \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

    \"\"
    <\/span><\/div>\n

    <\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627….<\/i>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":16793,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7"],"modified_by":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1943"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1943\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/16793"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}