{"id":22878,"date":"2019-01-25T12:15:45","date_gmt":"2019-01-25T09:15:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=22878"},"modified":"2019-01-29T10:07:30","modified_gmt":"2019-01-29T07:07:30","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=22878","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00a0\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u00a0\u00a0 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 :<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0633 Cladocera \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-22881\" src=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-4-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-4-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 :<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0623.\u0645.\u062f . \u0639\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0631.\u0628. \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0623.\u0645.\u062f .\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 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https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-5-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Daphniidae Family: (Crustaceae\u00a0 ,\u00a0 Cladocera) , \u0648\u0647\u064a\u00a0 Daphnia magna Simocephalus vetulus , Simocephalus congener , \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f (\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0629 , \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0629 , \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a , \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 , \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628) , \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 shape of the frontal part of the head\u00a0 , \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0646\u064a Abdomimal claw .<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0627\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 D. magna\u00a0 , S.vetulus \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 S.congener \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 S. expinosus\u00a0 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 S.congener \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 .<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 , \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 DNA \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 , \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645 (\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629) , \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0629\u00a0 PCR\u00a0 \u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a COI , 16s , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a mtDNA , 18s \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a Nuclear DNA , \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 .<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 PCR-RFLP\u00a0 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0629 PCR \u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a COI \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 Simocephalus , \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629\u00a0 SacI , BbsI ,\u00a0 \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 BbsI \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 , \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 SacI \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 S.vetulus \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a S.congener \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 468 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 241 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a , \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 S. expinosus\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0648 S.congener .<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u00a0 DNA sequencing\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 Forward \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a 18s , 16s , COI , \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a Reference \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 , \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 NCBI \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 , \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644Substitution\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646 COI ,18s\u00a0 , \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u064a\u0646 16s .<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 Daphniidae \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 , \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 COI\u00a0 , 16s , 18s \u0648\u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646Simocephalus\u00a0 ,\u00a0 Daphnia , \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 Simocephalus \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 , \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 , \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 .<\/span><\/h4>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-22878 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-large'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-1.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-1-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-3.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-3.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2019\/01\/\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631-3-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The MSc .thesis Discussion of student (Bidoor Satar Abbas) from department of Biology<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">At the hall of the late Dr.Salim Abdulhameed, the MSc .thesis Discussion of student (Bidoor Satar Abbas) from department of Biology entitled Study the genetic diversity between individuals belonging two specie of fresh water Cladocera in Baghdad City)has been discussed.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The discussion committee<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Asst.prof.Dr.Athra&#8217;a Hameed Hasoon\u00a0\u00a0 Head<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Dr.Abdulsahib Kadum Ali\u00a0\u00a0 member<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Asst.prof.Dr.Maysloon Lafta Abdulqadir\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 member<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Asst.prof.Dr.Mohammed Mahdi Jawad\u00a0\u00a0 supervisor member<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">\u00a0A molecular genetics study of three species whom are belong to Daphniidae family had been done, these species were Daphinia magna, Simocephalus vetulusand Simocephalus congener<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Samples were collected from five regions of Baghdad province (Adhamiya Chorniche, Shula neighborhood, Ibrahim bin Ali region, Al-Zawraa park lake and Games city lake). Depending on Morphological characteristics that were identify for species for the purpose of genetic studies and to distinguish between them on the basis of physical parts such as head parts, frontal parts and the abdominal parts and especially the length of the posterior-dorsal valve.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The results of this study showed that there were two species D. magna and S. vetulus previously registered in Iraq, while the specie S. congener at was identified the begging of the study as S. expinosus depending on morphological characteristics and after studying the specie by using molecular genetics methods based on previously molecular studies world wide ,it seems that the specie was S. congener and it recorded for the first time in Iraq.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The genetic part of this study included several laboratory experiments armed to study the genetic diversity among species and to detect the differences in the studied species to the level of DNA sequence and type of nitrogen bases.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">DNA was extracted from a group of individuals whom are resulted from the asexual reproduction that resulting from standard environmental conditions, the organisms were isolated individually before they reach the sexual intercourse, and by repeating the process it seems that they carry<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">the same genotypes of the mother (Monoclonal), PCR technique was used to amplify COI, 16s genes that found in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and 18s gene that found in nuclear DNA, and the results showed that the same segment with same size was found in all studied species.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The PCR-RFLP method was used to study the cleavage of amplified segment of the mitochondrial gene (COI) and compare between the studied species of the genus Simocephalus, by using the restriction enzymes SacI and BbsI ,this study indicate that the BbsI enzyme was unable to cut the DNA in the studied species, while SacI enzyme didn\u2019t cut segment of COI gene that belongs to S. vetulus, while for the second specie S. congener we had obtained two segments, the first one is 468 base pairs and the second is 241 base pairs, the results of both enzymes confirmed that the specie S. expinosus was not exist in our study, and the specie sampled and studied was S. congener.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">DNA sequencing analysis for the three genes fragments studied COI, 16s, and 18s of the three species that belong to the water flea family was done by using forward primers, it was observed as expected that there were variations in the nitrogen bases when comparing the study results with the standard sequence of known global samples of the same gene fragment, the sequences of the nitrogen bases of this study samples were recorded at the NCBI website which has been used to take advantages of its data from the same genes and to the same previous studied and closest organisms that are similar in terms of the sequences of the nitrogen bases from the different countries where such studies have been conducted.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The results showed that there was a genetic variation of the same species depends on the collection site ,many mutations found takes <\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">the Abstract b<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">the same genotypes of the mother (Monoclonal), PCR technique was used to amplify COI, 16s genes that found in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and 18s gene that found in nuclear DNA, and the results showed that the same segment with same size was found in all studied species<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The PCR-RFLP method was used to study the cleavage of amplified segment of the mitochondrial gene (COI) and compare between the studied species of the genus Simocephalus, by using the restriction enzymes SacI and BbsI ,this study indicate that the BbsI enzyme was unable to cut the DNA in the studied species, while SacI enzyme didn\u2019t cut segment of COI gene that belongs to S. vetulus, while for the second specie S. congener we had obtained two segments, the first one is 468 base pairs and the second is 241 base pairs, the results of both enzymes confirmed that the specie S. expinosus was not exist in our study, and the specie sampled and studied was S. congener.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">DNA sequencing analysis for the three genes fragments studied COI, 16s, and 18s of the three species that belong to the water flea family was done by using forward primers, it was observed as expected that there were variations in the nitrogen bases when comparing the study results with the standard sequence of known global samples of the same gene fragment, the sequences of the nitrogen bases of this study samples were recorded at the NCBI website which has been used to take advantages of its data from the same genes and to the same previous studied and closest organisms that are similar in terms of the sequences of the nitrogen bases from the different countries where such studies have been conducted.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The results showed that there was a genetic variation of the same species depends on the collection site ,many mutations found takes<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\"> the Abstract c<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Form of substitution in the sequences of the nitrogen bases of the COI and 18s genes fragments and also in 16s<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The tree of genetic relationship between the three species of Daphniidae family was drown and compared to the standard samples for each of the three genes COI, 16s and 18s, the study results showed that after a comparison among the three species that there was a genomic divergence between the genus Simocephalus and Daphnia, as for the two species of the Simocephalus it was found that they are common in the same branch and there is similarity between them, but between the species did not show significant differences as for different places of collection<\/span><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00a0\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u00a0\u00a0 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629&#8230;.<a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=22878\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":22880,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7","category-16"],"modified_by":"ihcoedu","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=22878"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22878\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/22880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=22878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=22878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=22878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}