{"id":27772,"date":"2019-09-09T10:52:12","date_gmt":"2019-09-09T07:52:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=27772"},"modified":"2020-02-13T12:42:15","modified_gmt":"2020-02-13T09:42:15","slug":"27772","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=27772","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645) \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 Y3<\/sub>Ba5<\/sub>Cu8<\/sub>O18<\/sub> \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 : \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643- \u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a)) \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 (\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646).<\/span><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n

\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 :<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u0623.\u0645.\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u0623.\u0645.\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u062b\u062c\u064a\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u0623.\u0645.\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627<\/span><\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 :<\/span><\/h4>\n

-1 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a ( YBa2<\/sub>Cu3<\/sub>O7<\/sub> )\u00a0 \u0648\u00a0 ( (Y3<\/sub>Ba5<\/sub>Cu8<\/sub>O18<\/sub> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u00a0 (Solid state reaction) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u00a0 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0644- \u062c\u0644 (Sol \u2013 Gel) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u00a0 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635.<\/span><\/h4>\n

2- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 ( Y ) \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 ( Pb,Cu ) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u00a0 Pb 1.5<\/sub>Cu 1.5<\/sub>Ba5<\/sub>Ca5<\/sub>Cu8<\/sub>O18<\/sub> )) \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 (Solid state reaction) \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u2013 \u062c\u0644 (Sol \u2013 Gel) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u00a0 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 .<\/span><\/h4>\n

3- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 .<\/span><\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a ( YBa2<\/sub>Cu3<\/sub>O7<\/sub>) \u0648((Y3<\/sub>Ba5<\/sub>Cu8<\/sub>O18<\/sub> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 , \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 (solid state reaction) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u2013 \u062c\u0644 (sol – gel) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a, \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646 , \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Y) \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 (Pb) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 (Cu) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 ((Y3<\/sub>Ba5<\/sub>Cu8<\/sub>O18<\/sub> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u00a0 Pb1.5<\/sub>Cu1.5<\/sub>Ba5<\/sub>Ca5<\/sub>Cu8<\/sub>O18<\/sub>)) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0644- \u062c\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a .<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (XRD) \u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 (a,b,c) \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0631 (Debye Scherer) \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646\u2013 \u0647\u0648\u0644 (Williamson- Hall) \u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 (Y123) \u0648 (Y358) \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 (Orthorhombic) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646, \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 (Pb1.5<\/sub>Cu1.5<\/sub>Ba5<\/sub>Ca5<\/sub>Cu8<\/sub>O18<\/sub>) \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 (tetragonal) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a (SEM) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a ( YBa2<\/sub>Cu3<\/sub>O7<\/sub>) \u0648((Y3<\/sub>Ba5<\/sub>Cu8<\/sub>O18<\/sub> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u2013 \u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 Y358 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 Y123 , \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Tc(onset<\/sub>)) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Tc(offset<\/sub>)) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u064a (=0\u03c1) \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 (Tc(mid)) \u0627\u0630 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 (Pb1.5<\/sub>Cu1.5<\/sub>Ba5<\/sub>Ca5<\/sub>Cu8<\/sub>O18<\/sub>) \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 (156.5) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0644- \u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a, \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 ( \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a (\u03ad) \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u03b5\u2033<\/strong>) \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u064a (tan \u03b4) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u03c3ac<\/sub>) ) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 (LCR-Meter) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (5KHz \u2013 1MHz) \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0630 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 . \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0644- \u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0630 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 (Pb1.5<\/sub>Cu1.5<\/sub>Ba5<\/sub>Ca5<\/sub>Cu8<\/sub>O18<\/sub>) \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a (0.068548) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0644- \u062c\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u00a0 .<\/span><\/h4>\n
\n

Synthesis of Y3Ba5Cu8O18 superconductor powder by auto -combustion reaction: Effects of citrate \u2013 nitrate ratio<\/span><\/h3>\n

By Marwa Walid Abdulrahman<\/span><\/h3>\n

Supervised by Asst.prof . Dr. Farooq Ibrahim Hussain<\/span><\/h3>\n

The Abstract<\/span><\/h3>\n

In this work, both YBa2Cu3O7 and Y3Ba5Cu8O18 superconductors were prepared in solid state reaction and sol- gel auto-combustion reactions, the study of the improvement of structural and electrical properties for \u00a0\u00a0two compounds, Replace the element (Y) by lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) of the compound (Y3Ba5Cu8O18) on the structural and electrical properties to obtain about the compound (Pb1.5Cu1.5Ba5Ca5Cu8O18) by preparing for both solid state and auto-combustion reactions.<\/span><\/h3>\n

The results of x-ray diffraction tests (XRD) were analyzed. Both the type of structure and the (a ,b, c) and the size of the cell unit were determined and the size of the crystal was determined by Debye Scherer and Williamson-hall Where the results indicate that the compound (Y123) and (Y358) have the existing structure of the existing (Orthorhombic) by the two methods. The compound (Pb1.5Cu1.5Ba5Ca5Cu8O18) has tetragonal structure and is prepared in both methods. The grain size was determined by the scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for (YBa2Cu3O7) and (Y3Ba5Cu8O18) and prepared by auto-combustion method where the size of the crystal of the Y358 was slightly larger than the Y123 compound. Electrical resistivity was measured and the initial transfer temperature (Tc(onset)) and the final transfer temperature (Tc(offset)), which lacked electrical resistance (\u03c1=0) and the intermediate critical temperature (Tc (mid)),where the results showed that the compound (Pb1.5Cu1.5Ba5Ca5Cu8O18) has the highest critical temperature (156.5) and is prepared by auto-combustion method ,Dielectric constant (real & imaginary) ,loss tangent and alternating electrical conductivity) were studies by examining the LCR-Meter at room temperature of the frequency and range (5KHz – 1MHz) and the effect of substitution on these properties ,where the results showed that the dielectric constant (real & imaginary) ,Loss tangent for all the compounds that were prepared decreased with increasing frequency and both methods. The alternating conductivity increases with increasing frequency of the same prepared samples for both methods .Finally, the oxygen content of each of the prepared compounds was measured and measured by auto-combustion method. We note the compound (Pb1.5Cu1.5Ba5Ca5Cu8O18) has the highest oxygen content of the other two compounds (0.068548<\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645) \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642….<\/i>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":27773,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44,7,16],"tags":[23],"class_list":["post-27772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-44","category-7","category-16","tag-ihcoedu"],"modified_by":"ihcoedu","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27772","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=27772"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27772\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/27773"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=27772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=27772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=27772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}