{"id":28456,"date":"2019-11-26T13:10:41","date_gmt":"2019-11-26T10:10:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=28456"},"modified":"2020-02-12T03:34:03","modified_gmt":"2020-02-12T00:34:03","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=28456","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"\"<\/span><\/h4>\n

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\"\"<\/span><\/h4>\n

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1\/ \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643(0.1-0.3-0.5) \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647(298-313).<\/span><\/h4>\n

2\/\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/h4>\n

(FTIR)\u0648(GC-MS)<\/span><\/h4>\n

3\/\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632(50-100-200-400) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u00a0 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 (0.5) \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (298-313).<\/span><\/h4>\n

4\/ \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644 (400) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0 SEM<\/span><\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 :<\/span><\/h4>\n

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    \n
  1. \n

    \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631(icorr) \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 (44.8) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 (0.5) \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 313.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n

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  3. \n

    \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n

    \u0627\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u0632 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a(Ha\u2206) \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a Sa )\u2206( \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n

    \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 (Gads\u2206) \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 (33-35) \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0644\\\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a Hads) \u2206)\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a Sads ) \u2206(\u00a0 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u00a0 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  6. \n

    \u062b\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 )SEM \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d ( \u0648\u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/h4>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a :<\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/h4>\n

    1\/ \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/h4>\n

    2\/ \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633.<\/span><\/h4>\n

    3\/\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/span><\/h4>\n
    \n

    \u00a0Submitted to the collage of education for pure sciences Ibn Al Haitham \/University of Baghdad in partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemistry<\/span><\/h3>\n

    By Riam Husseain Marah<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Supervised by Dr.Zainab Wajdi Ahmed<\/span><\/h3>\n

    The present thesis included electro chemical investigation of corrosion of copper in (0.5)M acidic solution of (HCl). The range of temperature were (298,303,308,313) K using potentiostatic polorization<\/span><\/h3>\n

    The experimental results revealed that<\/span><\/h3>\n

    . The corrosion current density increased with increasing the acidity and temperature. It has a maximum value (44.8) \u03bcA.cm-2 of (0.5) mol. dm-3 of hydrochloric acid at 313 K.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    . The characterization techniques for olive and eucalyptuse leaves extracts proved the presence of many organic compounds that responsible for inhibition activity for those extracts<\/span><\/h3>\n

    . The inhibition efficiency and surface coverage increased with increasing the concentration of inhibitors (Olive and Eucalyptus leaves) and decreased by increasing the temperature. The results shows that inhibition efficiency of olive leaves extracts higher than that of eucalyptus<\/span><\/h3>\n

    . Kinetics of copper corrosion have been studied from the values of the corrosion current densities and their dependencies on temperature. It was found that values of (Ea) increased with inhibitor concentration increasing. That means the inhibitor raises the energy barrier for corrosion process. The values of (\u0394Ha) were positive in presence and absence of inhibitors meaning that the corrosion process is endothermic. (\u0394Sa) values were negative and this means decrease the overall degree of freedom throughout the formation of the activated complex for the reaction of copper with negative species leading to the formation of corrosion product.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    . The thermodynamic parameters for adsorption of inhibitors on copper surface showed that (\u0394Gads) were negative indicating spontaneous process and its values were between (33-35) Kj.mol-1 which indicate that the adsorption process of plants extracts on copper surface operate mostly via both physical and chemical adsorption. He values of (\u0394Hads) were negative reveals that adsorption process is exothermic process, the values of (\u0394Sads) positive and this means randomness increased when the adsorption process occurred.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u00a0The surface examination studies by SEM showed that the inhibitors molecules gave a good protective film on to copper surface<\/span><\/h3>\n

    It is useful to make some suggestions for the development of this work in the future as shown in the following points<\/span><\/h3>\n

    . The corrosion medium may also be extended to other acids especially oxidizing acids.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    . Further studies may be required using another natural derivatives as green corrosion inhibitors for copper.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    An attempt may be made to protect copper surface by coating with nano materials prior to the electrochemical investigation<\/span><\/h3>\n

    The aim of study<\/span><\/h3>\n

    The study objective is<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Studying the copper behavior by using the static stress technique at different concentrations of hydrochloric acid (0.1-0.3-0.5) M and in four different degrees of temperature in the range of (298-313)k<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Characterization of olive and eucalyptus leaves extracts using GC-MS and techniques of FTIR.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    The study of the inhibitors effect with different concentration of olive leaves and eucalyptus (50-100-200-400) ppm in copper corrosion at the concentration (0.5) M of acid and at four degrees of temperature in the range of (298-313)k .<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Study copper surface morphology in presence and absence of 400 ppm of olive and eucalyptus leaves extracts using SEM technique<\/span><\/h3>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645) \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a….<\/i>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":28457,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44,7,16],"tags":[23],"class_list":["post-28456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-44","category-7","category-16","tag-ihcoedu"],"modified_by":"ihcoedu","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28456","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=28456"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28456\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/28457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=28456"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=28456"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=28456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}