{"id":32872,"date":"2020-08-25T10:20:06","date_gmt":"2020-08-25T07:20:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=32872"},"modified":"2020-09-16T22:25:57","modified_gmt":"2020-09-16T19:25:57","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%aa-15","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=32872","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632\u064a Sciurus anomalus"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-32875\" src=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2020\/08\/IMG_20200817_121509-Copy-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2020\/08\/IMG_20200817_121509-Copy-2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2020\/08\/IMG_20200817_121509-Copy-2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2020\/08\/IMG_20200817_121509-Copy-2-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 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style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0643\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0645 Jejunum \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064aIleum \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0648\u0635\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062c\u064a 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\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0621 , \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u0627\u064b, \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0636\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062e .<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0636\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0643 , \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c 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\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629:-<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>1.\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u00a0 \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064e \u0628\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>2.\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u00a0\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646 .<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>3.\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632\u064a.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>4.\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062dScaning electron microscope \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>5.\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u062e \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 <span style=\"color: #993366\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Morphological and Histochemical study of small intestine parts in\u00a0 Caucasian squirrel<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">(Sciurusanomalus)<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">By Ahmed .M.Ahmed<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Supervised by Assist.Prof.Dr.Intidhar Mohammed Mnati<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Abstract<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The present study was designed to investigate the morphological, description and histological structure of the small intestine in the Caucasian squirrels)Sciurusanomalus(.Morphological measurements histomorphometric, the histological and histochemical study of the three parts of small intestine have been included\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Fifteen samples of adult living squirrels were used, after anesthetization by chloroform, both total body length and real body length were measured. The length and weights three parts of the small intestine (duodenum,Jejunumand ileum) were measured.After that the samples was fixed with fixative solutions and the sequent steps of preparing histological slides were done after they were stained by using routine and special stains (Hematoxlin and Eosin stain, Periodic acidshiff stain,Alcian blue stain, Van gieson\u2019s stain, Masson\u2019strichrome stain) by using two staining methods( Singh&#8217;s and Grimelius&#8217; method), the results of the present study showed the following<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Measurements of the morphological study<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The results of the statistical study showed a positive relationship between the overall body length mean and small intestine length ,as well as the lengths and weights of the three parts of the small intestine at probability level P\u22640.05<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Morphological description<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The small intestine is the longest part of the gut and it appears as a simple pipe with many irregular twists or coils.The small intestine is located in the middle area of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the first part of the large intestine represented the ceacum.It begins from the pylorus and ends at the ileoceacal valve and divided into three main parts(duodenum , jejunum and ileum<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The duodenum represented the first part of the small intestine, begins from the end of the stomach specifically from the Gastric pylorus and continues until the end of the ascending duodenum. It\u00a0 communicates with the jejunum by duodenojejunal flexure, and it forms a C Letter \u00a0like shape around the pancreas,this duodenum in the Caucasian squirrel subject of the present study divided into five parts,That represented by cranial duodenum, cranial duodenum flexure, descending duodenum, caudal duodenum flexure, and ascending duodenum<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The jejunum represented the longest part of the small intestine and begins from the duodenojejunal flexure and it ends at the the beginning of the ileocealfold, the jejunum is located in the central part of the abdominal cavity between the stomach cranially, the ceacum and the urinary bladder dorsally, the jejunum appears in the form of several coils take these coils downwards gradually as we approach the beginning of the ileum and form a shape similar to the festoon when connected to them esentry<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">\u00a0The final parts of the small intestine is represented by the ileum ,that comes after the duodenum and jejunum and is described as a short and straight tube and empty of several coils, the ileum is located in the middle area of the abdominal cavity inside the ceacum, and starts from the beginning of the ileoceacal fold and ends at theileoceacal valve<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The internallining of the duodenum and jejunum is characterized by the presence of a number of dense and high protrusions called villi.However,the villi in the ileum a reless dense and large than the once in the duodenum and jejunum as well as the presence of a number of folds or what is known as kerckring valves in the three parts of the small intestine, where the folds appeared circular in the cranial part, while longitudinal folds appeared in the descending and ascending part of the duodenum, However the longitudinal folds appeared in the anterior parts of the jejunum, while in the ileum the longitudinal folds appeared in the anterior and median part while they were missing at the posterior part<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Histological description<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The present study showed that the wall of the small intestine is consisted of four main tunica, represented by tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">\u00a0The tunica mucous consists of three sub-layers, including epithelial lining layer, lamina properiaand muscularis mucosa layer, The lining epithelium modified into many villi and the outer surface of the villi encased with a simple columnar epithelial tissue,and variation in the shape, length and density of the villi symbiosis has been observed in the three parts of the small intestine. These variations are clearly characterized in duodenum by a leaf-shaped, while a few of them appear as a mace shape, while the jejunum were characterized\u00a0 by leaf shape, with pointed or rounded ends.Some villi appear as a finger-shaped, while in the ileum the villi are less dense and long, they may look leaf shaped and short, while some of them appear a cylindrical and mace shape<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The lamina properia of three parts of the small intestine is composed of Loose connective tissue, the with an\u00a0 intestinal glands that are located in them.These glands are simple straight tubular glands, and the cells that make up these glands are columnar cells, goblet cells, undifferentiated cells (stem cells) and,paneth cells as well as the presence of enteroendocrine cells<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The enteroendocrine cells of both types (Argentaffin and Argyrophil) in the epithelial tissue encased of the villi and lining of intestinal gland in the three parts of the small intestine showed the cells a moderate positive when used the two stain (Singh\u2019s and Grimelius\u2019methods<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The muscularis mucosa layer of the duodenum , jejunum and ileum consists of a very thin and single layer of smooth muscle fibers that circularly arranged<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">\u00a0The tunicasubmucosa of a three parts of small intestine is composed of dense connective tissue, characterized by the presence of Brunner\u2019s glands, and present in duodenum only, which are a type of \u00a0compound tubulaveolar glands. , while the parts of jejunum and ileum \u00a0is characterized by the presence of aggregated lymph nodules called Peyers patches<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The secretory units of Brunner&#8217;s glands showed a strong positive reaction when they stained with Alcian bluestain(AB), while the secretory units of Brunner\u2019s gland showed a moderate positive reaction when stain with PAS\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The tunica muscularisof the three parts of the small intestine is consisted of two secondary layers of smooth muscle fiber, thicker inner circular arranged while the outer layer is longitudinal and thinner, these layers separated by fibrous connective\u00a0 tissue containing\u00a0 the auerbach\u2019s plexus<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The tunica serosa of the three parts of the small intestine is composed of loose connective tissue, with blood vessels, nerves, and bordered from the outside by a row of mesothelium cells<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Histomorphometric measurements<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The results of the statistical study showed that the mean of elevation of the villi in the three parts of the small intestine is gradually decreasing from duodenum towards the ileum. that the rate of length of the crypts takes a gradual decrease from duodenum towards the ileum and recorded the highest value in the part of duodenum and jejunum ,In the case ofcrypts width , the results of the study showed that the part of the duodenum and jejunum was more wide compared to the ileum\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The mean number of goblet cells in the ileum part increases and gradually decrease towards the duodenum .The mean number of paneth cells in the duodenum and jejunum part is higher than in the ileum<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Themean number of Brunner\u2019s glands increase in the cranial part of the duodenum , and then gradually decrease in the duodenum cranial \u00a0flexure and the showedless number in a descending part<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The mean thickness of tunica mucous, submucosa and serosa it was bigger in the part of the duodenum compared to the jejunum and ileum parts, while the tunica muscularis in the ileum appeared to be thicker than other parts of the duodenum and<\/span> <span style=\"color: #993366\">jejunum<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 ( \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 ) \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 ( \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629&#8230;.<a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=32872\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":32874,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[23,48],"class_list":["post-32872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-16","tag-ihcoedu","tag-bio"],"modified_by":"ihcoedu","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32872"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32872\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/32874"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=32872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=32872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}