{"id":33402,"date":"2020-09-27T12:07:39","date_gmt":"2020-09-27T09:07:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=33402"},"modified":"2020-09-29T09:20:23","modified_gmt":"2020-09-29T06:20:23","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%af%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=33402","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u00a0( SnSe ) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u064e\u0628\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/h4>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 ( \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 ) \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 ( <\/strong>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 ( <\/strong>SnSe<\/strong> )\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u064e\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 ) \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 ( \u063a\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u00a0) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 ( \u0623.\u062f. \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u00a0) \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a :<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u0623.\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627)<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n

    \u0623.\u062f. \u0623\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n

    \u0623.\u062f. \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0639 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627) <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n

    \u0623.\u062f. \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n

    \u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627) <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n

    \u0623.\u062f.\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646(\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627)<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \"\"\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 : <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
      \n
    • \n

      \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>SnSe<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n

      \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (100\u060c150.200) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 (<\/strong>Cu<\/strong> \u0648 <\/strong>S)<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>SnSe<\/strong> .<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n

      \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <\/strong>(p-SnSe\/n-Si) <\/strong>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n

      \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/strong> (S,Cu) <\/strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 <\/strong>(p-SnSe\/n-Si)<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u062d\u064f\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u00a0 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628<\/strong>SnSe) <\/strong>\u00a0) \u0628\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 <\/strong>,<\/strong> \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 <\/strong>1000\u00baC)<\/strong>) \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a <\/strong>. <\/strong>\u0648\u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 (<\/strong>Orthorhombic <\/strong>)<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>SnSe<\/strong>) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0651\u062f\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 <\/strong>\u00a0C<\/strong>\u00ba(<\/strong>(100,150,200<\/strong> \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0645\u0643( <\/strong>400\u00b120 nm<\/strong> ) \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628<\/strong>nm\/sec<\/strong> (<\/strong>3.33\u00b10.1<\/strong>)\u0648\u0628\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u00a0 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645 %(<\/strong>3,5,7<\/strong>)<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (<\/strong>XRD<\/strong>)\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 (<\/strong>(111<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 <\/strong>,<\/strong>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 <\/strong>.<\/strong>\u0623\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong> (AFM<\/strong>\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 (<\/strong>AFM<\/strong>) <\/strong>,<\/strong>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0651\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong>.XRD<\/strong> \u0643\u0645\u0627<\/strong> \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628\u00a0 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064d \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 <\/strong>. <\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0651\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u00a0 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 <\/strong>,<\/strong> \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a <\/strong>,<\/strong>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 <\/strong>P-type <\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 <\/strong>. <\/strong>\u0635\u064f\u0646\u0639\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 <\/strong>Al\/p-SnSe\/n-Si\/Al<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0651\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a <\/strong>.<\/strong>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0651\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0633\u0639\u0629-\u062c\u0647\u062f)\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0651\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f <\/strong>,<\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0642 <\/strong>. <\/strong>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u2013 \u062c\u0647\u062f) \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 <\/strong>(7%S)<\/strong> \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a <\/strong>5.2%<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 <\/strong>. <\/strong>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 <\/strong>,<\/strong>\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/strong> \u00a0\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a <\/strong>nm<\/strong>(600-400)\u00a0 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 <\/strong>nm<\/strong>600<\/strong> ,<\/strong>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>,<\/strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 <\/strong>,<\/strong>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 <\/strong>.<\/span><\/h4>\n

      \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
        \n
      1. \n

        \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>SnSe<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n

        \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 <\/strong>SnSe-cds: Sn<\/strong> \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 <\/strong>P-N<\/strong> \u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \n

        \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>SnSe<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <\/strong>(Ag) <\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        <\/h4>\n
        \n

        Department: Physics<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

        Title of thesis: <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>Manufacturing and characterization study of doped SnSe thin films and their application<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

        Name: <\/strong>Ghuzlan Sarhan Ahmed<\/span><\/h4>\n

        Supervisor<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

        Prof.Dr. Prof.Dr. Bushra Kadhem Hassun<\/span><\/h4>\n

        Aim of the Study<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

        The major purposes of this work are<\/span><\/h4>\n

        * Preparing SnSe films from alloy over glass substrate via the mechanism of thermic evaporating<\/span><\/h4>\n

        * Studying annealing temperatures effect (100,150.200) \u00baC , and adding elements (Cu and S)with different ratio on Optical, Structural , Morphological, as well as Electric characteristics of every SnSe film\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

        \u00a0* Fabricated hetero-junction devices of (P-SnSe \/n-Si) for photovoltaic application<\/span><\/h4>\n

        * Studying the influence of annealing temperatures and adding elements<\/span><\/h4>\n

        \u00a0(Cu and S) on performance of (P-SnSe\/n-Si) hetero-junction device\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

        Abstract: <\/strong>In this study, the SnSe alloy was prepared by melting its components (that previously mixed in an evacuated quartz tube) at 1000 \u00baC for five hours using a conventional oven.\u00a0 The X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the resulted alloy\u2019s powder exhibits a polycrystalline orthorhombic structure. All pure and doped SnSe thin films and annealed at (100, 150, and 200) \u00baC. with (400\u00b120) nm thickness were prepared at a fixed deposition rate of (3.33\u00b10.1) nm\/sec using a thermal evaporation technique. Copper (Cu) and sulfur (S) were used as dopants with (3, 5 and 7) % for SnSe films. The XRD results show that the films are polycrystalline with an orthorhombic structure and a preferred orientation a long (111) plane. The structural properties and the degree of crystallinity were improved along with increasing both the annealing temperatures and doping concentration. AFM or what we can call it Atomic force microscopy was utilized for studying the morphology of surfaces and predicting the grain size and the surface roughness. The results show that all the films have homogenous and smooth surfaces with well distributed grains, and increase of the grain size with increasing annealing temperature and doping concentration. The optical measurements show that the films are of the direct allowed transitions. The absorption reduction with increasing annealing temperature, whereas the absorption of Cu-doped SnSe films it increases with increasing Cu concentration in the films. On the other hand, S-doped SnSe films display two different behaviors of absorption.\u00a0 The absorption was increased in the visible region around (400 \u2013 600) nm, while it decreased at longer wavelength higher than 600 nm. The transmittance shows an opposite behavior than the absorption. The optical band gap energy was increased when annealing temperatures and S concentration increasing, while it decreases with increasing Cu concentration. In addition, the quantities of the optical behavior like absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary dielectric constants, loss factor, and quality factor were calculated as a function of photon energy. \u00a0The electrical properties show that all the films appear two mechanisms of transition indicating that they have two activation energies. The electrical conductivity increased with increasing both annealing temperature and (Cu & S) concentrations. The Hall Effect measurements show the following: Every film was p – type, and concentrating of carriers increases with raising annealing temperatures and dope concentration<\/span><\/h4>\n

        Solar cells of refined as well as doped SnSe thin films with Al\/p-SnSe \/n-Si\/Al hetero-junctions were fabricated, and the measurements of (C-V) illustration that they are of abrupt hetero-junctions. Also, the depletion width and the built-in potential raised with raising both the temperature of annealing and doping concentrating. However, the capacitance of hetero-junction reduced with increasing both the temperature of annealing and concentration of dopant. \u00a0The current- voltage characterization showed increasing the conversion efficiency of the solar cells with increased of annealing temperatures and the concentration of dopant, and the highest value of efficiency of 5.2 % was obtained for (7 %) S-doped SnSe thin film compared to other fabricated solar cells\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n

        Future work<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
          \n
        1. \n

          Preparing SnSe films using pulse laser deposition method with same annealing temperatures and doping and study the optical, electrical, structural properties and comparing the results<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n

          Fabrication of SnSe-cds:Sn P-N junction solar cell ,and examine the impact of using various ohmic contacts on the conversion efficiency\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n

          Manufacture SnSe solar cell using thermal evaporation mechanism and examine the thickness effect, substrate temperatures, and doping with other materials such as (Ag) on the properties of solar cell\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          <\/h4>\n

          <\/h4>\n

          <\/h4>\n

          <\/h4>\n

          <\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u00a0 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 ( \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 ) \u0627\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647….<\/i>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":33408,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,16],"tags":[23,46],"class_list":["post-33402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7","category-16","tag-ihcoedu","tag-phys"],"modified_by":"ihcoedu","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33402","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=33402"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33402\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/33408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=33402"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=33402"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=33402"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}