{"id":33890,"date":"2020-11-12T14:25:53","date_gmt":"2020-11-12T11:25:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=33890"},"modified":"2020-11-24T13:03:37","modified_gmt":"2020-11-24T10:03:37","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=33890","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 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justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c QGIS\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 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style=\"color: #000080\">\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u062e\u0630 2017 \u0643\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0645 2018 \u0627\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 50% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 11 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b 2017\u060c 2018 \u06482019 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644\u00a0 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0660.875 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/span><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Detect the Changes in Southern\u2019s Iraqi Water Bodies Through 2017 to 2019<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">By Zainab Aasis Abdulla<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Supervised by Asst.prpf.Dr.Hameed M. Abduljabar<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Abstract<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">This study is concerned with the recent changes that have occurred in the marshes region in southern Iraq during the past three years (2017-2019) as a result of changes in the global climate that have affected this wealth that distinguishes Iraq from the rest of its neighboring states or even within the continent of Asia due to the large area of marshes and diversity Environmental owned. Due to the multiple factors that affected the marshes region in southern Iraq, which ranged from climatic or human influences, this region has suffered from many changes that prompted us to study the recent changes that occurred in the marshes area.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The study included all water bodies in five provinces located in the regions of southern Iraq (Wasit, Maysan, DhiQar, Qadisiyah and Basra), which represent the lands of the marshes in Iraq, and are divided into three main marshes: Al-Hammar, Al-Ahwaz, and the Central Marshlands.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Due to the large area covered by the five provinces, nine visuals for the Landsat 8 satellite, which represent the spectral beams within the OLI sensor, were used to create a mosaic of the scene that would cover the study area. The scenes were chosen to be in the summer season, specifically in the month of July, for easy access to cloud-free scenes and with the least time difference between the scenes that make up the mosaic (less than 18 days).<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The study area was allocated to be within the administrative boundaries of the five provinces by conducting the cutting process for the scene that contains the five provinces, with the help of the QGIS program, after converting the values of the digital scenes into their equivalent reflectivity values.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The land cover of the study area was divided into 16 subclasses (river shallow, river deep, marsh shallow, marsh mid, marsh deep, very deep, reed, papyrus, plant light, plant dark, plant marsh ibn najem, soil gray, soil gray dark. soil white, soil wet and urban) in the interest of maintaining high classification accuracy, which in turn, these subclasses represent four main classes (water, plant, soil and urban).<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The composition of the spectral beams (near infrared, red, green) was used, as well as the use of PCA transformation to more accurately clarify the subcategories and to define the training groups, as each of the two methods was compared in order to determine the belonging of each component of the land cover to the training groups representing the subcategories.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The SVM classifier was used by the ENVI program to classify the land cover for the study area, where the results of the calculation of changes in water areas were obtained, and a high accuracy rate was recorded in the study area for the three years that was approved, where an overall accuracy value of not less than 85% was recorded and the Kappa parameter was not less About 0.85, the values of commission, omissions, user accuracy, and classifier accuracy were also calculated.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The change matrix was calculated for three years by taking 2017 as a reference year to find out the changes that occurred in the study area, and the survival rate of the secondary subclasses within its class was calculated and the reasons for that were discussed. A comparison of the total area of water bodies for the three years showed that the year 2019 represents a turning point in the behavior of the marshes, which suffered from the drought period, as the area of the marshes doubled twice compared to the year 2018 or increased by 50% compared to the year 2017, as the marshes regained a large part of their area.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">To clarify the large increase in the quantities of rain for the year 2019, which was one of the important factors in increasing the area of water bodies, the monsoon rainfall recorded amounts were taken from 11 stations located in the study area for the three years 2017, 2018 and 2019, as it showed that the amounts of rain in 2019 were exceptional and exceeded their rates compared to previous years.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">The behavior of the spectral response of the subclasses that make up the land cover of the study area was studied by drawing the reflectivity of each subclass with the average wavelength of the beams used in the classification process, which showed that the subclasses belonging to the main classes of water bodies and plants have similar behavior in the spectral response, which increases the response with the wavelength used to reach the highest response at the wavelength of 0.875 \u00b5m, after which the spectral response begins to decrease with the convergence of that response, which is in contrast to the spectral response of the sub-classes that belong to the main classes of urban and soil, as it was similar in behavior as it increased with length the waveform with diverging the spectral response of those classes so that the distinction between them becomes better.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Future Works<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Below are some future projects that can be conducted based on the results of this study.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Study the marshes by using satellite imagery of higher spatial resolution to obtain more accurate results.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Sampling the types of plants present in the marshes to distinguish them during the classification process and to calculate the area of the marshes more precisely.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Calculating the quantities of torrents that supply the marshes as well as the water releases from the dams that supply the marshes areas to calculate their effect on the change of the amount of water storage of the marshes<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>( \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2017 \u0627\u0644\u0649 2019 ) \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f&#8230;.<a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=33890\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":33894,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44,7,16],"tags":[23,46],"class_list":["post-33890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-44","category-7","category-16","tag-ihcoedu","tag-phys"],"modified_by":"ihcoedu","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33890","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=33890"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33890\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/33894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=33890"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=33890"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=33890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}