{"id":35601,"date":"2021-01-29T11:41:41","date_gmt":"2021-01-29T08:41:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=35601"},"modified":"2021-02-02T13:50:45","modified_gmt":"2021-02-02T10:50:45","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%a3%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%af%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=35601","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u00a0CdTe \/ CdS"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-35604\" src=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/01\/\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629_\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0631_\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661-\u0660\u0661-\u0661\u0662_\u0662\u0662-\u0664\u0668-\u0662\u0666-Copy-Copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/01\/\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629_\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0631_\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661-\u0660\u0661-\u0661\u0662_\u0662\u0662-\u0664\u0668-\u0662\u0666-Copy-Copy.jpg 650w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/01\/\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629_\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0631_\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661-\u0660\u0661-\u0661\u0662_\u0662\u0662-\u0664\u0668-\u0662\u0666-Copy-Copy-300x240.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645) \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (<\/strong> \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u00a0CdTe \/ CdS) \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 ( \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 ( \u0623.\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u064a ) \u0645\u0639 ( \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062f. \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631 ) \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a :<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0623.\u062f. \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0623.\u062f. \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0623.\u062f. \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0644 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0623.\u062f. \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0642 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0623.\u062f. \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u064a (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0631. \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062f. \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0631 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-35603\" src=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/01\/\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629_\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0631_\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661-\u0660\u0661-\u0661\u0662_\u0662\u0662-\u0664\u0666-\u0661\u0667.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/01\/\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629_\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0631_\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661-\u0660\u0661-\u0661\u0662_\u0662\u0662-\u0664\u0666-\u0661\u0667.jpg 650w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/01\/\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629_\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0631_\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661-\u0660\u0661-\u0661\u0662_\u0662\u0662-\u0664\u0666-\u0661\u0667-300x240.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 :<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 CdS \u0648 CdTe \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 (NPS) \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 (PLAL).<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 Al \/ CdS \/ CdTe \/ n-Si \/ Al \u060c Al \/ CdS \/ CdTe \/ PSi \/ n-Si \/ Al \u0648 FTO \/ CdS \/ CdTe \/ Al \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a<strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 CdS \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0643 200 \u00a025nm \u00a0\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 (300-3500) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 CdTe \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 Nd \u2013 YAG \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a (1064) \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631400 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 7 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u00a0 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u00a010\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 CdTe \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a 5 \u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0643 600 \u00b1 25 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (XRD) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 CdS \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644 CdTe \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 (150-300) \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 AFM \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0640 CdS \u0648CdTe\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a (SEM) \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 CdS \u0648CdTe \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a (300-1100) \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 (2.31 \u06482.29 \u06482.28) \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a (3.8 \u06482.7 \u06482.69) \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0640 CdS \u0648 CdTe \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 CdS \u0648 CdTe \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 CdS \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0640 CdTe. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 CdS \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0648\u0639 n) \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 CdTe \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 (\u0646\u0648\u0639 p).<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (PSi) \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 n \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 10 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \/ \u0633\u0645 <sup>2<\/sup> \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634 10 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642. \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f XRD\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a (74.42) \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u00a0 \u060c = 69.6 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u060c \u00a0FWHM=0.13\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 FTIR\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a Si-H \u0648 Si-O-Si \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 C-H \u0648 C-H2. \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (PL)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f 688 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (Al \/ CdS \/ CdTe \/ n-Si \/ Al) \u0648 (Al \/ CdS \/ CdTe \/ Psi \/ n-Si \/ Al) \u0648 (FTO \/ CdS \/ CdTe \/ Al). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 8%. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629(R<sub>l<\/sub>) \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a A\/W 0.83 \u0648 0.9 \u0644\u0640 Al \/ CdS \/ CdTe \/ Si \/ Al \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0648 \u00a0Al \/ CdS \/ CdTe \/ Psi \/ Si \/ Al \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 ( ) ( (1.2 x 10<sup>13<\/sup> W<sup>-1 <\/sup>.cm.Hz<sup>1\/2 <\/sup>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a 900 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a CdS\/CdTe\/n-Si\u00a0 \u0648((1.3 x 10<sup>13<\/sup> W<sup>-1 <\/sup>.cm.Hz<sup>1\/2<\/sup> \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a Al\/CdS\/CdTe\/Psi\/Si\/Al<\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>Title:<\/strong> CdTe\/CdS Photovoltaic Thin Films<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>Name<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Wedian Kadhoum Abad<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>Supervisor<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>Prof. Dr.Samir Ata Maki<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">Chief Researcher Dr. Falah I. Mustafa Alattar<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>The Aim of work<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left\">\n<li>\n<h4 style=\"direction: ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">Preparation and characteristics study of colloidal CdS and CdTe nanoparticles (NP<sub>S<\/sub>) by Chemical Spray pyrolysis and pulse laser ablation in liquids (PLAL).<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4 style=\"direction: ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">Study the Morphological, Structural and Chemical of Porous Silicon (PSi) Produced by Photoelectrochemical Etching.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4 style=\"direction: ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">Fabrication and characterization of Al\/CdS \/CdTe\/n-Si\/Al, Al\/CdS \/CdTe\/PSi\/n-Si\/Al and FTO\/CdS\/CdTe \/Al heterojunction for solar cell and Photodetector.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4 style=\"direction: ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In this work, thin films of CdS with thickness 200 \u00a025nm have been prepared on pre-heated glass substrates up to (300-350<sup>0<\/sup>C) by chemical spray pyrolysis techniques. Nanoparticals of CdTe\u00a0 prepared by \u00a0pulsed laser ablation in liquids, using \u00a0Nd\u2013YAG laser at 1064 nm wavelength,\u00a0 laser energy 400mJ, 7 ns pulse width, 10 Hz repetition and ablation time was 5 min for CdTe target\u00a0 immersed in 5 ml of \u00a0methanol absolute. The drop casting method was used to prepare thin films with thickness 600 \u00a025nm.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements appeared the cubic and hexagonal crystal structure of CdS and CdTe thin films have \u00a0the cubic structure for all samples a deposited and annealing at (150,300)<sup>o<\/sup>C. AFM technique used to study topography and estimate the surface roughness and average grain size for CdS and CdTe , the results show that the grain size increase with\u00a0\u00a0 annealing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the \u00a0formation of films with nanostructure this result agrees with that obtained from X-ray diffraction with a slight difference between the two measurements. Transmission electron microscopy exhibited that the CdS and CdTe nanoparticles were semispherical or ball shape nanoparticles. The absorbance and transmittance spectra were reported in the range of wavelengths (300-1100) nm. The energy gap in the electronic transition was determined, the value of the energy gap in the permissible direct transition was eV (2.31, 2.29 and 2.28) for CdS and CdTe (3.8, 2.7 and 2.69), respectively, Where the energy gap decreases with the temperature rise of the annealing. Also, the coefficient of absorption and extinction was determined. The electrical properties measurements for CdS and CdTe thin films showed that increasing the electric conductivity with increasing annealing temperature and all CdS films have two activation energies and one value of activation energy for CdTe. Hall Effect results for CdS films showed all films have (n-type) conductivity while CdTe films have positive n electrical conductivity (p-type).<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">Porous silicon (PSi) layers prepared by Photoelectrochemical-etching method on n-type silicon wafers with current density 10mA\/cm<sup>2<\/sup>and etching time 10 min. The structural properties were studied by XRD diffraction, it found the crystalline size (74.42) nm, 2\u03b8=69.6\u00b0, FWHM (0.13) deg. The surface morphology studying by Atomic force microscopy, where \u00a0the image shows \u00a0a nearly uniform porous surface, Sea sponge-like. From the FTIR measurement, the constituent bonds of the porous silicon structure found Si-H and Si-O-Si and the appearance of other bonds such as C-H and C-H2. Finally, the optical properties of porous silicon \u00a0was investigated by employing photoluminescence (PL), where it found an emission peak at 688 nm.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">In this research solar cell fabricated from (Al\/CdS\/CdTe\/n-Si\/Al), (Al\/CdS\/CdTe\/Psi\/n-Si\/Al) and (FTO \/CdS\/CdTe \/Al). We get the maximum values of efficiency 8%. In addition, we successful manufacture of Photodetector, where the maximum value of the spectral responsivity (R<sub>l<\/sub>) of Al\/CdS\/CdTe \/Si\/Al and Al\/CdS\/CdTe\/Psi\/Si\/Al Photodetector is around 0.83 and 0.9 A\/W respectively. The maximum specific detectivity value ( ) is found to be 1.2 x 10<sup>13<\/sup> W<sup>-1 <\/sup>.cm.Hz<sup>1\/2 <\/sup>at wavelength 900 nm for CdS\/CdTe\/n-Si Photodetector and 1.3 x 10<sup>13<\/sup> W<sup>-1 <\/sup>.cm.Hz<sup>1\/2<\/sup> for Al\/CdS\/CdTe\/Psi\/Si\/Al Photodetector .<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>Future works<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li>\n<h4 style=\"direction: ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">Preparing and doping (CdS and CdTe) thin films using evaporation and sputtering methods for the solar cell and comparing the obtained results with the current study.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4 style=\"direction: ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">Deposition the (CdS and CdTe) thin films onto Germanium Wafer and FTO substrates, then comparing the resulting efficiency of the two cases on hand, and the obtained efficiency from the current study on the other hand.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4 style=\"direction: ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">Studying the effect of doping the elements (Al, Ge, Ga, Bi) on the structural, optical and electrical properties of CdS and CdTe films and comparing the results with the current study.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4 style=\"direction: ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">Benefits from the studying results to manufacture detector works within the region (UV) of the electromagnetic spectrum.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4 style=\"direction: ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">Investigation the effect of oxidation of porous silicon on the characteristics of Photodetector and solar cell.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4 style=\"direction: ltr\"><span style=\"color: #000080\">Using the spin coating technique instead of drop casting for the deposition of CdS and CdTe nanoparticles film.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645) \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (&#8230;.<a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=35601\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":35605,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7","category-16"],"modified_by":"ihcoedu","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=35601"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35601\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/35605"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=35601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=35601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=35601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}