{"id":37575,"date":"2021-05-11T11:28:25","date_gmt":"2021-05-11T08:28:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=37575"},"modified":"2021-05-26T13:57:31","modified_gmt":"2021-05-26T10:57:31","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-20","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=37575","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a 1550 nm"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37577 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/05\/DSC_0061.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/05\/DSC_0061.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/05\/DSC_0061-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/05\/DSC_0061-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645) \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1550 nm) \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u062d) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 (\u0645.\u062f. \u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d) \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a :<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0623.\u062f.\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0645.\u062f. \u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-37576\" src=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/05\/DSC_0059.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/05\/DSC_0059.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/05\/DSC_0059-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/05\/DSC_0059-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u064a, \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 1550 nm \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 RP Fiber Calculator. \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627, \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628 2.5 \u0648 4.5 \u0648 13.5\u20136.5 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 1). \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0648 1.45 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0648 1.44. \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a 1550 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c RP Fiber Calculator.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628. \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u00a0\u00a0\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628 2.5 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>1- \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>2- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>3- \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>4- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify\"><span style=\"color: #000080\"><strong>5- \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">DESIGN OF OPTICAL FIBERS AND CALCULATE THEIR GUIDED MODES PROPERTIES AT 1550 nm<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">By \u00a0Firas A.Shnain<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">\u00a0Supervised by Dr. Aqeel Razzaq Salih<\/span><span style=\"color: #993366\"> \u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Aims of the Present Work<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">This project aims in particular to design glass optical fibers of the SIF type, and shows how to obtain SMFs and MMFs for optical communication applications. Then, calculate the properties of their guided modes at the operating wavelength 1550 nm by using RP Fiber Calculator. Also, study the effect of changing the core radius on these properties.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Abstract<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">There is no doubt that optical fiber technology is one of the most important stages of the communications revolution at all and it is of utmost importance in our daily life<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Thesis aims to design glass optical fibers of\u00a0 \u00a0type step-index fibers and how to obtain single-mode optical fibers and multi mode optical fibers, and then calculate the properties of their guided modes, and study the effect of changing the core radius on these properties<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">In this study, ten step-index fibers with core radii 2.5, 4.5 and 6.5\u201313.5 \u00b5m (in steps of 1) were designed. The core refractive index is 1.45 and the cladding refractive index is 1.44. The properties of all guided modes have been calculated at a wavelength of 1550 nm by using RP Fiber Calculator program<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">These properties include propagation constant, effective refractive index, effective area, cut-off wavelength and percentage power in the core. The results of this study showed that increasing the core radius leads to an increase in all the modes properties\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">A single-mode fiber is obtained when the core radius approaches the wavelength, in this thesis at the core radius 2.5 \u00b5m. As the core radius is increased, the fiber becomes a multi mode. The modes profiles of amplitude and intensity were illustrated and agreed when compared with the modern references<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Suggestions for Future Work<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Manufacture of step-index single-mode and multi mode fibers that were designed in this thesis<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Study the effect of wavelength change on the guided modes\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 properties of these fibers<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Designing optical fibers using other programs and comparing the results with the results of this study<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Benefit from this work in modern optical communications for long range distances and for short distances as well<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #993366\">Using graded-index fibers instead of step-index fibers and comparing the<\/span><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645) \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641&#8230;.<a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=37575\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":37578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,59,16],"tags":[23,46],"class_list":["post-37575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7","category-59","category-16","tag-ihcoedu","tag-phys"],"modified_by":"ihcoedu","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37575"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37575\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/37578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}