{"id":38218,"date":"2021-08-18T10:22:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-18T07:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=38218"},"modified":"2021-08-22T10:18:45","modified_gmt":"2021-08-22T07:18:45","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=38218","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629."},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/h4>\n

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    \n
  • \n

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  • \n

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  • \n

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  • \n

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    \"\"<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

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    X= 0 , 0.26 , 0.28 , 0.3 , 0.32 ,0.34 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0644_ \u062c\u0644 \u060c\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c Fullprof \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u064a\u0648\u0646Sr+2<\/sup> \u0628\u0622\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 Ba+2<\/sup> \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0622\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

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    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a NiFe2<\/sub>O4<\/sub> \u060c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0644_ \u062c\u0644, \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c Fuuprof\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u064a\u0648\u0646 Ni+2<\/sup> \u0628\u0622\u064a\u0648\u0646 Zn+2<\/sup><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 0.3 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 Ni0.7<\/sub>Zn0.3<\/sub>Fe2<\/sub>O4<\/sub> \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 .\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u060c\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u2018\u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u2018\u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 .<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a BaFe12<\/sub>O19<\/sub> \u060c\u0628\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c Fullprof \u060c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 .\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 ,\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 ,\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u060c\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c GFOURIER \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 (MEM).<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

    <\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
      \n
    1. \n

      \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n

      \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0633\u064a ( magnetic structure ) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u00a0 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n

      \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u00a0 TOF\/2\u04e8.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
    4. \n

      \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (SAED) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0635<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
    5. \n

      \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
    6. \n

      \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Material Studio, Quantum Esspersso \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (CIF) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
      \n

      A STUDY OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS BY USING POWDER X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND RIETVELD REFINEMENT METHOD<\/span><\/h3>\n

      By Amal Jasim Abbas<\/span><\/h3>\n

      Supervised by Asst.prof.Dr.Farouq Ibrahim Hussein<\/span><\/h3>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Our goal is to demonstrate the importance of using Retrieved filtering in the use of X-rays. The main goal is to improve crystal structures, not profiles, as the objects that are actually refined are parameters in structure models and other samples and the effect of the instrument on the diffraction pattern. This method extracts detailed crystalline structural information about With powder diffraction data, Rietveld developed computer-based analytical procedures.During which least squares optimizations are made until the best fit is obtained between the entire observed powder diffraction pattern and the entire computed pattern based on the simultaneously repeated models of the crystal structure(s), the effect of diffractive optics, as well as implicit factors and other sample properties (such as lattice parameters) which It can be modeled during polishing, improving structure knowledge and partially improving the intensity allocation observed in the overlapping of individual Prague reflections.<\/span><\/h3>\n

      \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In this research, the structural properties of each of the following nanocomposites were studied with their existing samples. The structural properties of the Ba1-xSrxTiO3 nanocomposite were studied for the following concentrations<\/span><\/h3>\n

      X= 0, 0.26, 0.28, 0.3, 0.32, 0.34, previously prepared by the sol_gel method, using X-ray diffraction technique and the use of indexing software using the Fullprof program, which relied on Rietveld analyzes to filter the crystal structure, and the study included the effect of replacing the Sr+2 ion with the barium ion Ba +2 and the effect of this on the phase, the positions of the atoms, the space group, and the lengths of the atomic ones<\/span><\/h3>\n

      The structural properties of the Ba1-xcaxTiO3 nanocomposite at concentrations X = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, prepared by the sol-gel method, using the X-ray diffraction technique and the use of software indexing using the Fuu prof program, which relied on Rietveld analyzes to filter the crystal structure and the study of the effect of replacing the crystalline structure, were studied. A Ca + 2 ion with a Ba + 2 ion and its effect on phase, space group, atom positions, and crystal size<\/span><\/h3>\n

      The structural properties of the NiFe2O4 nanocomposite, previously prepared by the sol-gel method, were studied using the X-ray diffraction technique and the use of program indexing using the Fuuprof program, which relied on Rietveld analyzes to filter the crystal structure and study the effect of replacing the Ni+2 ion with the Zn+2 ion<\/span><\/h3>\n

      At a concentration of 0.3 to form the compound Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4 and its effect on the structural properties of the compound, such as the phase, the space group, the crystal size of the compound, the occupation of the atomic positions of the compound, the \u201ccharge density between atoms\u201d and the bonding properties and the longest bonds in them<\/span><\/h3>\n

      The structural properties of the nanocomposite BaFe12O19 were also studied, using the X-ray diffraction technique and the use of indexing software using the Fullprof program, which relied on Rietveld analyzes to filter the crystal structure. Where the charge density between atoms and the bonding properties are shown by the maximum entropy method (MEM)<\/span><\/h3>\n

      Perform a Rietveld filter using second programs and compare the results with the results obtained in the Fullprof program<\/span><\/h3>\n

      \u00a0Study of the magnetic structure using Rietveld filtering of the same elements<\/span><\/h3>\n

      Rietveld filter study using neutron diffraction samples TOF\/2\u04e8<\/span><\/h3>\n

      Electron diffraction (SAED) analysis using assay TEM\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

      Study of Rietveld filter X-ray diffraction for organic compounds and enzymes using programs dedicated to these elements such as Olex2.<\/span><\/h3>\n

      Expand the study of crystal structures using specialized programs such as Material Studio ,Quantum Esspersso .Depending on the crystallographic information file (CIF) inferred from the Rietveld filter<\/span><\/h3>\n

       <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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