{"id":38457,"date":"2021-08-27T22:08:05","date_gmt":"2021-08-27T19:08:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=38457"},"modified":"2021-09-01T10:22:20","modified_gmt":"2021-09-01T07:22:20","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%b3-15","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=38457","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 PVA \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38458\" src=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f-\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f-\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f-\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f-\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f-\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f-1-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645) \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 PVA \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a) \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 (\u0623. \u0645. \u062f \u0645\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628) \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a :<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0623.\u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0636\u062d\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0645\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38459\" src=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f-\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f-\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f-\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f-\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643-\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f-\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f-2-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 :<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Xc) , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a (D) , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 (r) , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a d)) , \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 (PVA) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (XRD) .<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 (T) , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (A) , \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (R) \u00a0, \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 (n) , \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 (\u03b1) , \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u062f (K) , \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u03b5) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a (PVA) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 ( \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a &#8211; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629) ( UV-Vis ) .<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Structural Properties) \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629(Optical properties) \u00a0\u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u00a0 \u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 (PVA) (polyvinyl alcohol) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a . \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 (30)\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b .<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u00a0 (25,40,80,120,160)\u00b0C \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a (7.5,8,8.5,9,9.5)MPa \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 (5) \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0635\u0641\u0631 . \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 .<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (Structural parameters) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (X-ray) \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (degree of crystallinity) Xc \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a (Grain\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Size) D \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Inter chain-distance) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a (d-spacing) . \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 (Transmittance)\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (Absorbance)\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Reflectance)\u00a0 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631(Refractive index)\u00a0 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u00a0Absorption coefficient) (\u00a0 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u062f ( Extinction coefficient ( \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u00a0 Complex dielectric constant (\u03b5))) \u0628\u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00a0 .<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u00a0 , \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 Xc \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 .\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a(D) \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 . \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u00a0 (r) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u00a0 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 120\u00b0C , \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 (r) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0 . \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (25)\u00b0C \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 , \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (7.5)MPa \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u00a0 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643 (\u03b8) .<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 (T)\u00a0 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u00a0(A) \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (R) \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 (n) \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 (\u03b1) \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u062f (K) \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00a0 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u00a0 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u00a0 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 (PVA) \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 .<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a (PVA).<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 (PVA) \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644- PVA.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 , \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 (PVA) , \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 LCR meter \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a PVA)) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u00a0 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 .<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 AFM , SEM \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a XRD \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PVA.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PVA \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649Si.<\/span><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Effect of temperature and pressure on some structural and optical properties of PVA nanopolymer<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">By Tabarq Mohammed Awad<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Supervised by Asst.prof.Dr.Mai Abdulsatar Mohammed Najeeb<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Aim of the Work<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Studying the effect of heat treatment and pressure on some structural properties that include the degree of crystallinity (Xc), granular size (D), the internal distances of the molecular chain (r), and the interatomic distances (d)) of the pure nanopolymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) from During X-ray diffraction (XRD) diagnosis.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Studying the effect of heat treatment and pressure on some optical properties that include transmittance (T), absorbance (A), reflectivity (R), refractive index (n), absorption coefficient (\u03b1), attenuation coefficient (K), dielectric constant (\u03b5) The complex with real and imaginary parts of pure nanopolymer (PVA) by UV-Vis spectrophotometry.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Abstract<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In this research, some structural properties were studied, including X-ray diffraction and some optical properties under the influence of temperature and pressure of the pure nanopoly vinyl alcohol (PVA). Also, (30) samples were prepared for the purpose of conducting the research.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">The temperature values \u200b\u200bused in this research were (25,40,80,120,160)\u00b0C, and the pressure values \u200b\u200bused were (7.5,8,8.5,9,9.5)MPa, as well as (5) samples that were in a free position at zero pressure. These samples were prepared for the purpose of conducting the necessary tests for this study.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The structural parameters that were calculated from X-ray diffraction are each of the degree of crystallinity (Xc), grain size (D), the inter-chain-distance and the distance between Atoms (d-spacing). As well as the parameters of the optical properties, which are Transmittance, Absorbance, Reflectance, Refractive index, Absorption coefficient, Extinction coefficient and Complex dielectric constant (\u03b5)) in its real and imaginary parts.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Through the results obtained, it was found that the degree of crystallinity Xc decreases with increasing temperatures for each pressure separately. From the results of the values \u200b\u200bof grain size (D) it was found that the grain size decreases with increasing temperatures and decreases with increasing pressure. The average of the inter-chain-distance (r) at each pressure for different temperatures decrease with increasing temperatures until they reach 120\u00b0C, and then the inter-chain-distance (r) begins to increase with increasing temperatures. And the (d-spacing) between atoms at a temperature of (25)\u00b0C at different pressures, decrease at pressure (7.5) MPa, and then increase with the increase in sample pressure and also decrease with the increase in the values \u200b\u200bof Brack&#8217;s angle (\u03b8).<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Also, the results of the optical properties measurements proved that the transmittance (T) decreases with increasing temperature at each pressure separately. And each of the absorbance (A), reflectivity (R), refractive index (n), absorption coefficient (\u03b1), inertia coefficient (K), and the dielectric constant in its real and imaginary parts, all the parameters mentioned increase with increasing temperatures for each specific pressure.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Recommendations and future studies:<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">. Studying the mechanical properties of the polymer (PVA) and studying the effect of heat treatment on it.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">. Study of the effect of climatic conditions on the structural and mechanical properties of pure nanopolyvinyl alcohol (PVA).<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">. Polymer reinforcement (PVA) with nanomaterials and study of its effect on the structural properties of PVA.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">. Studying the different properties of the polymer after the effect of radiation on it, and comparing it with the results before the effect.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">. Study the thermal conductivity of the polymer (PVA), and study the effect of heat treatment on it.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">. Studying the electrical conductivity using the LCR meter system for the pure nanopolymer (PVA) supported by nanomaterials.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">. AFM, SEM study of the s properties and their comparison with the XRD measurements of PVA.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">. Fabrication of a solar cell after depositing a thin film of PVA by one of the chemical methods and then depositing it on Si.tructural<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645) \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629&#8230;.<a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=38457\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":38460,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,16],"tags":[23,46],"class_list":["post-38457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7","category-16","tag-ihcoedu","tag-phys"],"modified_by":"ihcoedu","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38457","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38457"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38457\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/38460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38457"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38457"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38457"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}