{"id":38479,"date":"2021-08-29T10:13:55","date_gmt":"2021-08-29T07:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=38479"},"modified":"2021-09-01T11:26:17","modified_gmt":"2021-09-01T08:26:17","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%b3-16","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=38479","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38482\" src=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646-\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646-\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629-2.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646-\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646-\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646-\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629-2-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645) \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 (\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646) \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a :<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0623.\u0645. \u062f.\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u064a\u0634\u0644 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627). \u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0645.\u062f. \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627).<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0623.\u0645.\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627).<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38481\" src=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646-\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646-\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646-\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646-\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/08\/\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646-\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629-1-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (Zemax) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c Zemax \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a. \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 (80%) \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 (A\/B &lt; 1.5) . \u0627\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0644\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0648\u064a. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0646 (mm100\u2013mm500) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 (A\/B=1,1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4,4.5, 5) \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632C=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)).<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">-2\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (Zemax).<\/span><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Theoretical Study of Optical Characteristics of Some Types of Solar Concentrates<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">By Hassanien Noori Hamza<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Supervised by Assist. Dr. Alaa Badr Hasan<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">\u00a0Aim of the Work<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">The design of a solar center is plus-cut and compared to an oval conic design by program (Zemax). For visual designs and study of concentration ratio, center length, and appearance ratio and their impact on design efficiency. and the impact of the fall angle of solar rays on the efficiency of the design and its relation to the acceptance angle.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">In this study, a program was used. Zemax Design Program for the Elliptical Hyperbolic Concentrator, Elliptical Conic Concentrator, and Conical Concentrator of Angular Truncation. The non-sequential ray tracing mode has been used by repeated internal reflections within the solar concentrator. The tool that used in this work is the detector reading tool, which is the most important tool for non-sequential mode, through which the number of rays coming into the detector can be read and known. The primary purpose of the use of analytical tools is to evaluates the performance of the designed optical system and to determine the number of rays that can reach the detector to transfer of radiation energy to the receiver heat, and thus for multiple purposes such as electricity generation, heating, etc. Assessing the efficiency of design performance requires knowing the extent to which the optical system is affected by changing optical parameters. These parameters gives a clear idea of how the system works and the level of performance required by changing. Each sample was studied by assessing optical efficiency and its relationship to the incidence angle by changing the aspect ratio, concentration ratio, and concentrator length. Different samples of the solar concentrator were designed with varying combinations to compare these samples, The increase in aspect ratio has decreased the optical efficiency of the concentrator for values below (80%), especially for values (A\/B=1.5). Increasing in concentrator flattens results in asymmetrical design, especially in the receiving axis of solar rays, which therefore affects the number of rays entering the concentrator and received from the detector due to the changing direction of the internal reflections due to the asymmetry in Elliptical Hyperbolic Concentrator model. The length of concentrator was changed from (mm 100-mm 500) and the aspect ratio (A\/B=1,1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4,4.5, 5) and concentration ratio (C=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) .<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Future Works<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">&#8211; The design of a solar center is a cone with a front barrier with a variable diameter opening.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">2Study of the impact of low concentration ratios on the performance and efficiency of the Solar Center Type Plus Cut using a program (Zemax).<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645) \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8230;.<a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=38479\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":38483,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44,7,59,16],"tags":[23,46],"class_list":["post-38479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-44","category-7","category-59","category-16","tag-ihcoedu","tag-phys"],"modified_by":"ihcoedu","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38479","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38479"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38479\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/38483"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38479"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}