{"id":38707,"date":"2021-09-10T14:17:02","date_gmt":"2021-09-10T11:17:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=38707"},"modified":"2021-09-12T12:23:07","modified_gmt":"2021-09-12T09:23:07","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae-8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=38707","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-38711\" src=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/09\/\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649-\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645-9.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/09\/\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649-\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645-9.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/09\/\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649-\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645-9-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/09\/\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649-\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645-9-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/09\/\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649-\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645-9-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645) \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f) \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 (\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 (\u0623.\u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a) \u0632\u0646\u0632\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a :<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0623.\u062f. \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0623.\u062f. \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a (\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-38710\" src=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/09\/\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649-\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/09\/\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649-\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645-7.jpg 612w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/09\/\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649-\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645-7-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2021\/09\/\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649-\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645-7-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 :<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (111) \u060c (200) \u060c (220) \u060c (311) \u060c \u0648 (400) \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a (8.2 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a (0.001955) \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0631(6.2 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0647 (0.0144121) \u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644 (7.5 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u060c \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644 (8.5 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0647 (0.001919) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644 (8.9 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631). \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 (110) \u0648 (101) \u0648 (200) \u0648 (211) \u0648 (220) \u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (12.3 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0647 (0.002317) \u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0631 (13.5 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0647 (0.008083) \u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 (11.4 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u060c \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u00a0\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a (12.4 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0647 (0. 001164) \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644 (13.5 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0639 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637.<\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 :<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0641 Cauchy \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a Gaussian \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 ZrO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0648 SnO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a.<\/span><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Elimination the broadening in x-ray diffraction lines profile for ZrO2 and SnO2 by using the analysis of diffraction lines method<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">By Salma Basim Abdel Abbas Mohsen<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Supervised by Prof. Dr. Khalid Hela lHarbbi<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">The Aim of the Work<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">-X-ray diffraction correction of zirconium oxide nanoparticles<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">-Using the integral breadth method to calculate the crystal size and lattice strain of zirconium oxide<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">&#8211; Comparison of the results of the integral breadth method with other methods such as the Scherrer method, the Scherrer dynamic method, the Scherrer and Wilson method<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">-Use another oxide to support the results\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">&#8211; In addition to the calculation of some parameters of the nano structured<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Abstract<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In this work, x-ray diffraction has been corrected using a silicon standard. And the integral breadth method was used to analyze the x-ray diffraction lines of (111), (200), (220), (311), and (400) to zirconium oxide nanoparticles value of the crystallite size was equal to (8.2 nm)and the strain was equal to (0.001955).and a comparison with the methods of analysis other for calculation of crystallite size and lattice strain such as Scherrer method, Scherrer dynamic method, and formulas from the Scherrer and Wilson method, where the results were as follows: Scherrer the crystal size (6.2 nm) and lattice strain (0.0144121), Scherrer dynamic method the crystal size\u00a0 ( 7.5 nm), Scheerer Wilson&#8217;s first formula the crystal size (8.5 nm)and lattice strain (0.001919), the second formula of Scherrer Wilson the crystal size (8.9 nm). After which the X-ray diffraction analysis of lines (110), (101), (200), (211), and ( 220) for tin oxide nanoparticles to support the results obtained by the above analysis methods, where the results were as follows: the crystal size of the integral breadth method (12.3 nm) and lattice strain (0.002317), Scherrer the crystal size (13.5 nm) and lattice strain (0.008083),\u00a0 Scherrer dynamic method the crystal size (11.4 nm), Scherrer Wilson&#8217;s first formula the crystal size (12.4 nm) and lattice strain (0. 001164), the second formula of Scherrer Wilson the crystal size (13.5 nm). As well as measuring the lattice parameters such as the specific surface area(SSA) and the dislocation intensity (\u03b4 )of all lines<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">Suggestions for Future Works<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">-Study the crystal size and lattice strain of a crystal using the Cauchy profile and find out the differences and similarities with the Gaussian profile of the integral breadth method.<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">-Development of integral breadth method to calculate other lattice parameters such as stress, morphology index, and energy required for lattice deformation to occur<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">-Study the mechanical properties of ZrO2 and SnO2 using an appropriate technique<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">-Using other analysis methods, such as the variance or size-strain method, to calculate the crystal size and lattice strain and compare the results<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #993366;\">-Study the effect of physical factors such as temperature on crystal size and lattice strain<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645) \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639&#8230;.<a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=38707\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":38709,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,59,16],"tags":[23,46],"class_list":["post-38707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7","category-59","category-16","tag-ihcoedu","tag-phys"],"modified_by":"ihcoedu","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38707"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38707\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/38709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38707"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38707"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}