{"id":44467,"date":"2022-06-20T12:01:30","date_gmt":"2022-06-20T09:01:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=44467"},"modified":"2023-06-28T18:35:05","modified_gmt":"2023-06-28T15:35:05","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%b1%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%b3-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=44467","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645) \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 ” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 ” \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 ” \u0647\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f ” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 ” \u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0637 ” \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a :<\/span>
\n\u0623.\u062f. \u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 – \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627<\/span>
\n\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0627\u0636 – \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627<\/span>
\n\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u062d\u0646\u0627 – \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627<\/span>
\n\u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0637 – \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627<\/span><\/h4>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 :<\/span><\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. \n

    \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n

    \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 Vitek 2 compact system . <\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n

    \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. <\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n

    \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n
  5. \n

    \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0648\u062a\u0645\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064625\/7\/2019 \u0627\u0644\u0649 22\/10\/2020.<\/span>
    \n\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0632\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a Eosin methylene blue) MacConkey agar, Blood agar, CHROMagar orientation) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0634\u062e\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0643 Vitek 2 compact system. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 66 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062740 (61%) \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 Escherichia coli \u060c16(24%)\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0649 Klebsiella pneumoniae\u060c 5 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a (7.5%) \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 Proteus mirabilis\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0644\u06292 (3%) Enterobacter spp.\u060c 2 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 (3%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa\u060c 1\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 (1.5%) Staphylococcus aureus .<\/span>
    \n\u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 14 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a E. coli \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 36 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (90%) \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f ampicillin \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 34 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (85%). \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a K. pneumoniae \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f ampicillin \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 16 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (100%) \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 14 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 (87.5%) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f ampicillin\/sulbactam. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646 30 (75%) \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a E. coli \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a 15\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 K. pneumoniae \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (97.3%) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 Extended Spectrum \u03b2-lactamase. \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 17\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 (42.5%) \u0645\u0646 E. coli \u06485 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a (31.2%) K. pneumoniae \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644 ESBLs \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/span>
    \n\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a E. coli, K. pneumoniae \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645. \u0627\u0628\u062f\u062a 32 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 E. coli \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 80% \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 Microtiter plate. \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a K. pneumoniae 16 (100%) \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a.<\/span>
    \n\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633 Eucalyptus camaldulensis \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f 1 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 20:80 v\/v))\u060c PH 6.7\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 25 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f 60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a 2 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c 20 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f 80 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
    \n\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d\u060c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a 421 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 22.33 \u0627\u0644\u0649 74.43 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a 20 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/span>
    \n\u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646 500 \u0627\u0644\u0649 31.25 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u0644. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 MIC, MBC \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646 (62.5 \u0627\u0644\u0649 250 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u0644) \u0648\u0645\u0646 (125 \u0627\u0644\u0649 500 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u0644) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/span>
    \n\u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 62.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0642\u062f \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0649 125 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 K. pneumoniae \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
    \n\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f ampicillin \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 E14 (22 \u0645\u0644\u0645). \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f ampicillin \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
    \n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 DPPH. \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 71.30% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 400 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 IC50 92.83\u060c 59.56 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/ \u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines \u0648WRL68. \u062f\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646 400 \u0627\u0644\u064912.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 48.23% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 400 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u0644. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 WRL68 normal cell line. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 IC50 MCF-7 ,WRL68 cell lines \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a 134.9\u060c 66.32 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/span>
    \n1- \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span>
    \n2- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a Eucalyptus camaldulensis \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0621.<\/span>
    \n3. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 E. camaldulensis \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
    \n4- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/span>
    \n5- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/h4>\n
    \n

    Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extract and study their effect on bacteria isolated from patients of urinary tract infection.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    By Hind N.Obaid<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Supervised by Assist.Prof.Dr. Essam Jasim<\/span><\/h3>\n

    The objectives of study<\/span><\/h3>\n

    .Collection of urine samples and identification of bacterial isolates<\/span><\/h3>\n

    .Detection of antibacterial susceptibility of bacterial isolates against different classes of antibiotics using Vitek2 compact system.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    .Preparation of silver nanoparticles using plant extract.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    .Characterization of silver nanoparticles using several analytic techniques.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    .Experience the activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles in medical application.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Summary<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 One hundred and sixty of urine samples were collected from some hospitals in Baghdad included (Ghazi Al-Hariri hospital for surgical specialist, Teaching laboratories of Medical City, Teaching Central Children hospital, Al-Karkh hospital and Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein City hospital) during the period from 25\/7\/2019 to 22\/10\/2020.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The samples were cultured on different media (MacConkey agar, Eosin methylene blue, Blood agar and CHROMagar orientation) to identify the morphological characterization. Then, the isolates were subjected to conventional biochemical methods. The confirmed identification was performed using Vitek 2 compact system. After diagnostic methods, the results showed that 66 isolates were obtained 40 (61%) isolates belong to Escherichia coli, 16 (24%) isolates for Klebsiella pneumoniae, 5 (7.5%) isolates proteus mirabilis, 2 (3%) isolates Enterobacter spp., 2(3%) isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 1 (1.5%) Staphylococcus aureus.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The sensitivity against 14 antimicrobial agents was demonstrated that isolates of E. coli were high resistance to trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole 36 (90%) and ampicillin 34 (85%). While the isolates of K. pneumoniae displayed 16 (100%) resistance to ampicillin followed by 14 (87.5%) isolates resistance to ampicillin\/sulbactam. On the other hand, the most effective antimicrobials for both isolates were amikacin and carbapenem antibiotics. The antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli isolates exhibited 30 (75%) as multidrug resistance, whereas multidrug resistance K. pneumoniae isolates showed higher percentage 15 (97.3%). In addition, phenotypically Extended Spectrum \u03b2-lactamases producer isolates was detected. The results showed that 17 (42.5%) and 5 (31.2%) of E. coli and K. pneumoniae respectively were positive for ESBLs.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

    The results in this study revealed that both E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates have no ability for hemolysin production when cultured on blood agar media. Biofilm formation was determined using microtiter plate method; the results demonstrate that 32 (80%) of E. coli isolates were biofilm producers, while all K. pneumoniae isolates 16 (100%) showed ability for biofilm production.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 aqueous leaf extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis was used as reducing agent for silver nitrate in biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. The appearance of dark brown yellow indicated the success of biosynthesis process at the initial conditions (1mM of AgNO3, PH 6.7, plant extract to AgNO3 was 20:80 v\/v, time reaction was 25 minutes and temperature was 60 \u00baC). The optimal conditions for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles were recorded at 2mM of AgNO3, 20 minutes and 80 \u00baC.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was confirmed b UV-Visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of characterization indicated the formation of silver nanoparticles. The \u03bbmax of UV-visible were recorded at wavelength 421 nm. The average particle size range from 22.33 to 74.43 nm and crystalline size was 20 nm.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were examined against multidrug resistance isolates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus at the concentration ranged from 500 to 31.25 \u00b5g\/ml. The results showed that MIC and MBC ranging from (62.5 to 250 \u00b5g\/ml) and (125 to 500 \u00b5g\/ml) respectively.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n

    <\/h3>\n

    The effect of silver nanoparticles on biofilm formation was detected among the isolates of urinary tract infection. The results indicated that silver nanoparticles inhibited biofilm at the concentration of 62.5 \u00b5g\/ml, but the percentage of inhibition was increased with increased concentration to 125 \u00b5g\/ml. K. pneumoniae biofilm was found to be less susceptible than E. coli at the same concentrations.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 As for synergistic effect, the silver nanoparticles were combined with ampicillin using well diffusion method against multidrug resistance isolates of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus. The results demonstrated that the higher inhibition zone was observed in E. coli (E14 isolate) of 22 mm and the lowest inhibition (15 mm) was recorded against S. aureus, while ampicillin alone do not.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Silver nanoparticles exhibited significant scavenging activity of free radical by DPPH method and the maximum percentage of antioxidant activity showed 71.30% at 400 \u00b5g\/ml with IC50 59.56 and 92.83\u00b5g\/ml for ascorbic acid and AgNPs respectively.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles on MCF-7 breast cancer and WRL68 cell lines was evaluated using MTT assay. The results revealed that silver nanoparticles have cytotoxic effect at the concentrations ranging from 400 \u00b5g\/ml to 12.5 \u00b5g\/ml. The viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was decreased to 48.23% at 400 \u00b5g\/ml with IC50 66.32 \u00b5g\/ml. Whereas, the effect of AgNPs on WRL68 normal cell line showed moderate to weak toxicity and exhibited IC50 of 134.9 \u00b5g\/ml.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    <\/h3>\n

    Recommendations<\/span><\/h3>\n

    .Conduct more studies on bacterial resistance to antibiotics for limiting its spread and development.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    .Study the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using other parts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis plant such as root, stem, flower and bark.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    Study the phytochemical compounds of E. camaldulensis leaf extract can be use in therapeutic applications.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    .Study the action of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on different virulence factors of pathogens.<\/span><\/h3>\n

    .Study the toxicity of biogenic silver nanoparticles in vivo on model animals.<\/span><\/h3>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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