![\"\"](\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2023\/09\/\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f-\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f-\u0639\u0644\u064a1.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 ( \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a Hg-Base)\u0648(Pb-Base) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 ) \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 ( \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a ) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 ( \u0623.\u062f. \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 ) \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0623.\u062f. \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646\u00a0 \u0631\u0639\u062f\u00a0 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f – \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0623.\u062f. \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628\u064a – \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f – \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u0634\u0630\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a – \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0623.\u0645.\u062f. \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 – \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0623.\u062f. \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 – \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0649 :<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 (Pb-Base)\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u00a0Pb Ba2<\/sub> CuO4+\u03b4<\/sub>),(PbBa2Ca2Cu3O8+\u03b4),(PbBa2CaCu2O6+\u03b4))\u060c<\/strong><\/p>\n \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u00a0(1.6cm) \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 (0.3cm)\u060c\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (850\u00b0C) \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f (40hr) \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a (Hg-Base)\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f (120hr) \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a (Pb-Base) \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f (10\u00b0C\/min)\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u060c\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 XRD \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (a,b,c) \u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 Hg \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 Pb \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a (Tetragonal) \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 (PbBa2<\/sub>CuO4+\u03b4<\/sub>) \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 (orthorhombic) \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0626\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (HgBa2<\/sub>Ca2<\/sub>Cu3<\/sub>O8+\u03b4<\/sub>) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (79.11%) \u060c\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 (PbBa2<\/sub>Ca2<\/sub>Cu3<\/sub>O8+\u03b4<\/sub>) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (81.20%) \u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 (SSR)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 ( c,b,a ) \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (c\/a \u00a0) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 PbBa2<\/sub>Ca2<\/sub>Cu3<\/sub>O8+\u03b4<\/sub> \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 (74.54%).<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a (Crystallite size) \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0(Scherrer ,Williamson-Hall , Halder-Wagner and size-strain plot ) \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u00a0 (Halder-Wagner) \u062d\u064a\u062b\u00a0 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u00a0 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u00a0 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 ( R2<\/sup>) \u0645\u0646 (0.90-0.99) 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