{"id":60543,"date":"2026-08-17T11:18:22","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T08:18:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=60543"},"modified":"2026-08-17T11:43:02","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T08:43:02","slug":"d8-b1-d8-b3-d8-a7-d9-84-d8-a9-d9-85-d8-a7-d8-ac-d8-b3-d8-aa-d9-8a-d8-b1-d9-81-d9-8a-d9-82-d8-b3-d9-85-d8-a7-d9-84-d9-81-d9-8a-d8-b2-d9-8a-d8-a7-d8-a1-d8-aa-d8-a8-d8-ad-d8-ab-d8-aa-d8-b5-d9-86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=60543","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 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\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (NO\u2082) \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (H\u2082S)\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 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\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 (Al\/Cr\u2082O\u2083\/PSi\/Si\/Al) \u0648**(Al\/Cr\u2082O\u2083:TiO\u2082\/PSi\/Si\/Al)**\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a (Cr\u2082O\u2083) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO\u2082) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 2% \u06484% \u06486% \u06488%\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 (Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid \u2013 PLAL)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a (PSi) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 400 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 (RT)\u060c \u0648100 \u0648150 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 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\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (H\u2082S)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 (SDG 3): \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 (SDG 9): \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 (SDG 11): \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Cr2O3 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u00a0 ( 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 )% \u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0643 200nm).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 (PLAL) \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Cr2O3 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0632\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00b0C 400 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (XRD) \u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Cr2O3 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f (012) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 .<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 (AFM) \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u064b \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 2%TiO2 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 77.10nm \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 % TiO2 (6 \u060c 4) \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 6%TiO2 \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a (42.78nm) \u00a0\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 (FE-SEM) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629\u00a0 UV-Vi-NIR \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a nm(300-1100) \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d eV(3.95-3.71) \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Cr2O3 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 (p-type) \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 (Al\/Cr2O3 \/PSi\/Si\/Al) \u0648(Al\/Cr2O3:TiO2\/PSi\/Si\/Al) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 TiO2 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a NO2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0648 H2S \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 400ppm \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u00b0C (RT, 100, 150) \u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u00a0 2%TiO2 \u00a0\u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u063167% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 NO2 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 150\u00b0C \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 NO2\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u00a0 72.99% \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u00a04% \u0645\u0646 \u00a0\u00a0TiO2\u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u00a0158.80% \u00a0\u0648 120.67% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 NO2 \u0648 H2S \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u00a0\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 (RT) \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 NO2 \u00a0\u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 475.11% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u00a0 100\u00b0C \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u00a0 6% \u0645\u0646 TiO2\u00a0 \u0648 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 H2S \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631166.24% \u00a0\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 4% \u06488% \u0645\u0646 TiO2 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 NO2 \u0648 H2S \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 150\u00b0C.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 Cr2O3 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justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 Cr\u2082O\u2083 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0640 TiO\u2082 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_raw_js]JTNDc2NyaXB0JTNFJTIwJTIwdmFyJTIwdHJhbnNfcGFnZSUzRCUyMjMyNzglMjIlM0IlMjAlM0MlMkZzY3JpcHQlM0U=[\/vc_raw_js][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<div class=\"cz_gap clr \" style=\"height: 25px\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row_content&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1727435144292{margin-top: 5px !important;margin-right: 5px !important;margin-bottom: 5px !important;margin-left: 5px !important;border-top-width: 5px !important;border-right-width: 5px !important;border-bottom-width: 5px !important;border-left-width: 5px !important;border-left-style: groove !important;border-right-style: groove !important;border-top-style: groove !important;border-bottom-style: groove !important;border-radius: 10px !important;border-color: #000000 !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;]<div class=\"cz_gap clr \" style=\"height: 15px\"><\/div><div class=\"cz_btn_block\"><div class=\"cz_23863_p\"><a id=\"cz_23863\" class=\"cz_23863 cz_btn cz_btn_txt_no_fx cz_btn_no_fx\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?page_id=48700\" title=\"\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\" aria-label=\"\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\"><span><strong>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/strong><\/span><b class=\"cz_btn_onhover\"><strong>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/strong><\/b><\/a><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;]<div class=\"cz_gap clr \" style=\"height: 15px\"><\/div><div class=\"cz_btn_block\"><div class=\"cz_23844_p\"><a id=\"cz_23844\" class=\"cz_23844 cz_btn cz_btn_txt_no_fx cz_btn_no_fx\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?page_id=30387\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\"><span><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/span><b class=\"cz_btn_onhover\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/b><\/a><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;]<div class=\"cz_gap clr \" style=\"height: 15px\"><\/div><div class=\"cz_btn_block\"><div class=\"cz_80139_p\"><a id=\"cz_80139\" class=\"cz_80139 cz_btn cz_btn_txt_no_fx cz_btn_no_fx\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?page_id=41455\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\"><span><strong>\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/span><b class=\"cz_btn_onhover\"><strong>\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/b><\/a><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;]<div class=\"cz_gap clr \" style=\"height: 15px\"><\/div><div class=\"cz_btn_block\"><div class=\"cz_46247_p\"><a id=\"cz_46247\" class=\"cz_46247 cz_btn cz_btn_txt_no_fx cz_btn_no_fx\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?page_id=22669\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\"><span><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><b class=\"cz_btn_onhover\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/b><\/a><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;]<div class=\"cz_gap clr \" style=\"height: 15px\"><\/div><div class=\"cz_btn_block\"><div class=\"cz_48281_p\"><a id=\"cz_48281\" class=\"cz_48281 cz_btn cz_btn_txt_no_fx cz_btn_no_fx\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?page_id=23214\"><span><strong>\u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><b class=\"cz_btn_onhover\"><strong>\u0627\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/b><\/a><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;]<div class=\"cz_gap clr \" style=\"height: 15px\"><\/div><div class=\"cz_btn_block\"><div class=\"cz_101505_p\"><a id=\"cz_101505\" class=\"cz_101505 cz_btn cz_btn_txt_no_fx cz_btn_no_fx\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?page_id=48426\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\"><span><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/span><b class=\"cz_btn_onhover\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/b><\/a><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;]<div class=\"cz_gap clr \" style=\"height: 15px\"><\/div><div class=\"cz_btn_block\"><div class=\"cz_104059_p\"><a id=\"cz_104059\" class=\"cz_104059 cz_btn cz_btn_txt_no_fx cz_btn_no_fx\" href=\"https:\/\/mohesr.gov.iq\/ar\/\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\"><span><strong>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/span><b class=\"cz_btn_onhover\"><strong>\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 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\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 ) \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631&#8230;.<a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=60543\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":60548,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[105,103,112,7,59,68,98,78,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3---","category-9----","category-11----","category-7","category-59","category-68","category-98","category-phys-dept","category-16"],"modified_by":"ihcoedu","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=60543"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60543\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60551,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60543\/revisions\/60551"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/60548"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=60543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=60543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ihcoedu.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=60543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}